Inteligencia Artificial (IA)
Microsoft Drives AI with Global Fiber Optics and a Massive Fleet of NVIDIA Chips to Dominate Raw Power
Gianro Compagno
2025-09-18
5 min read
Imagine a complex so vast it could be mistaken for an industrial city, where every corner is designed for artificial intelligence to never stop. This is Fairwater, Microsoft's new campus in Wisconsin, USA. Its ambition is clear: to exceed the capacity of the world's most powerful supercomputer by ten times, highlighting that the real battle for AI is fought at the scale of computing.
This data center goes far beyond the traditional cloud that hosts emails or websites. It is designed to train and run cutting-edge AI models, like those powering ChatGPT or Copilot. Microsoft expects the campus to be operational by early 2026, following an initial investment of $3.3 billion.
The cloud, far from being ethereal, materializes in kilometers of concrete, steel, pipes, and underground cables. Fairwater is the ultimate expression of this physical reality. According to Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft, this campus will be key to supporting the growing energy and processing demands of AI. In the tech race, having infrastructure of this magnitude is much more than a competitive advantage: it is a strategic necessity.
The heart of Fairwater lies in its computing architecture. Each rack integrates 72 NVIDIA Blackwell GPUs, interconnected via NVLink and NVSwitch, allowing for sharing up to 1.8 terabytes per second and accessing 14 terabytes of pooled memory. Although Microsoft has not revealed the exact number of racks, it has confirmed that the campus will house "hundreds of thousands of accelerators."
Together, these systems will function as a single supercomputer capable of processing 865,000 tokens per second, a figure that illustrates the project's magnitude. Additionally, Fairwater will integrate into Azure's global network of AI data centers, interconnected through its Wide Area Network.
The physical dimensions of Fairwater are also impressive: it occupies over one hundred hectares and totals more than 110,000 square meters of built space. The civil works have required colossal resources, reflecting the scale of the challenge.
One of the biggest challenges is cooling, especially due to the high chip density and extreme climate variations in Wisconsin, where winters are frigid and summers hot and humid. To ensure efficiency year-round, Microsoft has implemented a closed-loop liquid cooling system that only requires water once during construction and then reuses it, minimizing consumption. More than 90% of the campus's capacity uses this method, supported by the second-largest water chiller plant in the world and 172 six-meter-tall fans. The rest of the infrastructure utilizes outside air, switching to liquid cooling on the hottest days.
Fairwater is still under construction, and many of its promises will need to be validated when it becomes operational in early 2026. Microsoft claims its performance will far exceed that of any current supercomputer, although specific details are yet to be seen. Only when the campus is operational will it be possible to verify if it meets expectations and redefines the global standard for artificial intelligence infrastructure.