Quantum Computing: Present and Future of a Technological Revolution When we talk about quantum, we refer to a new frontier in technology that promises to transform computing, communications, and sensing. But where does this revolution really stand, and what are its current and potential applications? What is Quantum Computing? Quantum computing is based on the principles of quantum mechanics to tackle computational problems in a radically different way. While traditional computing uses bits (0 or 1), quantum computing employs qubits, which can exist in both states simultaneously due to superposition. According to Carlos Kuchkovsky, Quantum Strategy Advisor for the European Commission and founder of QCentroid, this capability allows for more efficient information storage and processing, solving problems that are currently impossible for classical computers. However, although quantum computing represents a paradigm shift, its real impact has yet to materialize. Existing quantum computers (around 80 worldwide) have not achieved the so-called "quantum advantage," meaning they do not yet surpass classical supercomputers in specific tasks. Currently, these systems are unstable and noisy, and their use is mainly limited to research environments, although some startups are already exploring practical applications for businesses. Quantum Applications in the Business World Quantum technologies are being developed in three main areas: computing, communications, and sensing. Quantum Communications One of the most advanced applications is information protection. Nerea Martiartu, director of Lantik, explains that quantum computers could break current encryption systems in a matter of hours, posing a risk to critical data security. Therefore, governments and companies are already working on communication protocols resistant to quantum attacks, such as post-quantum cryptography (PQC) and quantum key distribution (QKD). Additionally, startups like Quside use quantum technology to generate high-quality random numbers, essential for any secure cryptographic system. Quantum Sensing Quantum sensing already offers innovative solutions, such as ultra-precise atomic clocks for GPS-independent navigation, or more compact and accurate medical equipment for imaging diagnostics. According to Fernando Conde from Sngular, quantum sensors can measure magnetic, electric, or gravitational fields with unprecedented precision, opening new possibilities in sectors like defense, industry, or health. Companies like Qubizz apply this technology to detect contaminants in water at microscopic scales, facilitating their removal. Quantum Computing Although it is the most disruptive area, quantum computing still faces significant technical challenges. Companies like Microsoft, Google, IBM, and startups like IQM and IonQ are exploring different technologies (superconductors, photonics, trapped ions), but current quantum computers still have few qubits and suffer from noise. Quantum supremacy is expected to be achieved within 5 to 20 years, depending on the type of problem and technological advancements. Quantum Algorithms on Classical Computers Meanwhile, knowledge gained in quantum computing is already being applied in conventional computers through quantum-inspired algorithms. These algorithms, initially developed for quantum systems, have significantly reduced computation times for complex problems, such as price optimization in the energy sector, according to Víctor Canivell, co-founder of Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech. Optimization and Simulation Quantum computing excels in solving optimization problems present in sectors like logistics, finance, or industry. Carlos Kuchkovsky points out that by handling large volumes of variables and constraints, quantum computing can find optimal solutions much faster than traditional methods. Additionally, it is key in simulating physical and chemical processes, facilitating the development of new materials, medications, or energy sources. Quantum Machine Learning and Quantum AI The integration of quantum technology with artificial intelligence (AI) promises more efficient and sustainable models. Roman Orus from Multiverse Computing highlights that quantum techniques allow for the compression of AI models, reducing energy consumption and improving accuracy. Quantum AI could overcome many of the current limitations of classical AI, such as high energy expenditure and the need for large volumes of data. Complementary Technologies Far from competing, quantum technology and AI enhance each other. Carlos Abellán, CEO of Quside, notes that quantum computers could accelerate AI development, while AI can optimize the design of quantum hardware and algorithms. The future points to hybrid solutions that combine the best of both worlds. In conclusion, although quantum computing is still in the development phase, its applications are already beginning to transform key sectors. Collaboration between companies, startups, and research centers will be essential to turn this promise into a tangible reality in the coming years. Source: emprendedores.es