Inteligencia Artificial (IA)
The Vatican approves pioneering law on artificial intelligence, marking a global milestone.
Paloma Firgaira
2026-05-03
5 min read
The Vatican has achieved what neither the European Union nor the United States has yet accomplished: the approval of the world's first comprehensive artificial intelligence law. While Brussels continues to fine-tune the details of the AI Act and Washington alternates between executive orders depending on the current administration, the smallest state on the planet, with just 0.49 km² and around 800 inhabitants, has taken the lead and set a regulatory milestone.
The new law, approved by the Pontifical Commission and published in the Vatican's official bulletin, directly addresses the most urgent challenges of AI: deepfakes, voice impersonation, and artificially generated disinformation campaigns. The text imposes criminal penalties on those who manipulate images or audio for deceptive purposes and requires labeling any synthetic content circulating within its territory.
But the regulation goes beyond prohibiting manipulation. It demands human oversight in all AI systems used by Vatican institutions, prohibits AI from making decisions affecting individuals without human review, and establishes an ethical framework based on the document "Antiqua et Nova," published by the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith in 2025, regarding the relationship between AI and human dignity.
The scope is remarkable for a state with fewer inhabitants than many institutions. The Vatican does not have its own Silicon Valley or tech startups, but it does possess global moral influence and a potential audience of 1.3 billion Catholics, according to figures from the Holy See. When Pope Francis addresses AI in international forums, such as the G7 in Italy in 2024, his voice resonates beyond its borders.
The Church has been preparing for this moment for years. From the "Rome Call for AI Ethics" in 2020, signed alongside Microsoft, IBM, and the FAO, to recent meetings with leaders from OpenAI and Anthropic, the Vatican has moved from ethical reflection to legislative action.
It is true that the practical application of the law is limited to Vatican territory and its official media, such as Vatican News or L’Osservatore Romano. However, the precedent is significant. When China regulated deepfakes in 2023, it set a trend in Asia; when the EU advanced with the AI Act in 2024, it laid foundations in the West. Now, the Vatican's approval of a law before powers like the US or the UK sends a clear message: AI regulation is already a legal reality, not just an academic debate.
The next key event will be the Vatican summit on AI scheduled for late 2026, where the "Rome Call" is expected to be expanded with the participation of more tech companies. If giants like DeepSeek or xAI join, the symbolic impact will be undeniable.
Meanwhile, Brussels and Washington continue to debate. The Vatican has demonstrated that it is possible to legislate on AI clearly, concisely, and with solid principles.